For many travelers, navigating the airport can be a frustrating experience. Long lines at security checkpoints, intrusive pat-downs, and confusing rules about what can and cannot be brought onto planes all contribute to the sense that airports prioritize security over passenger convenience. And to an extent, this is true.

Airport security has become an increasingly complex and vital part of the travel process in the decades since 9/11.

However, airport operators and policymakers are constantly working to strike a balance between robust security measures and efficient passenger facilitation. It's a delicate balance that requires careful consideration of multiple factors.

Hence, 2024 is the ICAO Year of Facilitation.

On the security side, airports have a fundamental duty to protect passengers, airport staff, and aircraft from threats like terrorism, hijacking, and other attacks. The checkpoints, screenings, and other security protocols in place are designed to identify and mitigate these risks. Airports must comply with stringent security regulations set by ICAO and implemented through national aviation authorities. Failure to do so can lead to hefty fines, loss of operating licenses, and even catastrophic security breaches.

At the same time, airports are commercial enterprises that rely on passenger volume and satisfaction to remain financially viable. Long wait times, complicated procedures, and a generally frustrating traveler experience can deter people from using that airport, driving down revenues from things like parking, retail, and food and beverage sales. Airports also compete with each other for passengers, so providing a smooth, efficient journey can be a key differentiator.

This is where the tension comes into play. Security and identity measures, by their nature, often introduce friction and delays into the travel process. The dilemma for airport operators is how to maintain a high level of security while minimizing the inconvenience to passengers.

Some strategies airports are employing to strike this balance include:

Investing in advanced screening technologies that are faster and less intrusive than traditional methods
Implementing "trusted traveler" programs that expedite security processing for pre-approved, low-risk passengers

To ease identity checks, ICAO is working towards the Digital Travel Credential (DTC) as a replacement for the traditional a passport. The DTC is meant to substitute in a conventional passport, with a digital representation of the traveller’s identity. The proposals are set out here.

This initiative require significant capital investment and coordination between airports, airlines, government agencies, and other stakeholders. But the potential payoffs in terms of improved passenger satisfaction, operational efficiency, and commercial viability make it a worthwhile pursuit.

Ultimately, the tension between facilitation and security at airports will likely always exist to some degree. But by continually innovating, collaborating, and prioritising both passenger experience and safety, the industry can work towards a future where air travel is as seamless and stress-free as possible.

A Balance: Facilitating Passenger Flow vs. Ensuring Airport Security